Describe the Importance of Quality Leadership and the...

FOUNDATION DEGREE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To | | This essay†¦show more content†¦If care workers are in low mood and portray negativity to clients the low mood and negativity may rub off on the client. In the same way if care workers portray a positive mood this hopefully encouarges a good temperament in clients. Corrigan (2000) â€Å"Found that team leadership ratings independently accounted for 40% of the total variance in client satisfaction amongst mental health patients.† (cited in Haracre, et al 2011). The majority of organisations aspire to be in business on a long term basis. For this to happen there has to be enthusiasm, long term planning and vision. Choi and Behling (1997) suggest that transactional leaders demonstrate achieving immeidate goals and development converging on present success where as good transformational leadership inspires and develops long term success. (cited in Haracre, et al 2011) To discourage unsafe or inadequate quality practice quality leaders will aid their teams to overcome hindrances, encouarge them to learn from mistakes and focus on opportunities rather than failures. Bennis (Undated) proposes that quality leaders present an image of prominence that instigates to subordinates that they are accessible at all times. This encourages and urges w orkers to come forward and confess any blunders or mistakes and allow lessons to be learnt to stop the same errors happening in future. Edmondson’s (1996) study into error reporting found â€Å"repressive and dictatorial regimes are almost bound to produce data whichShow MoreRelatedNursing Is My Second Career2246 Words   |  9 Pages In this leadership role, I assist our medical director with managing the clinical portion of our program. I have currently reached a point in my professional career where I have exhausted my path of opportunity and challenges at my current academic level. My goal is to become the most effective clinician, and to make a positive difference in people’s lives by applying my practical life and nursing experiences, while having a satisfying and rewarding career that has meaning and value to me. 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Assessment of Gordon Gekkos Personality Using a Mbti...

The aim of this essay is to assess Gordon Gekko character ‘s personality from an Oliver Stone’s Movie â€Å"The Wall street, Money Never Sleeps† using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) framework and Personality Type Theory. THE MBTI The MBTI is an instrument designed to evaluate people and provide descriptive profiles of their personality types. It classifies people into sixteen broad and distinctive personality types based on Carl Jung’s theory of perception and judgement. The MBTI model was developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Meyers. The two women shared a passion for better understanding the human development. They believed that prediction of people’s patterns of behaviour and finding the keys that would†¦show more content†¦Type B personalities are contradictory to Type A. They can be described as easy-going, friendly, calm and relaxed people. They usually work at steady pace and hard to get frustrated, generally lacking sense of urgency. These people are ideal team members and easily led by their leader. Gordon Gekko can be characterized as a Type A personality without any doubt. In the first half of the movie, Gordon Gekko is shown as a man in his late fifty’s, who is released from the prison after being poisoned for insider trading and fraud. Ten years behind the bars have not changed his nature and he has no regrets about his past. He is still that practical, greedy, aggressive and ruthless person who could go to any extent for his long-awaited return. In the subsequent half, Gordon’s character evolves to a much more sensitive person who tries to reconcile with his only child, Winnie. Gekko’s estranged daughter blames him for all the sorrows, for being constantly absent and ignorant to his wife and children. All his attempts to make amends with Winnie fail. He then decides to persuade Jacob to help him out to make peace and repair a damaged relationship with daughter. Gordon intentionally uses Winnie’s fiancà ©e to achieve his goal by breaking the promise. Nevertheless, after some time he realize that Winnie, Jacob and his ne wborn grandson are the priority and the most important people to take

What Makes Me Happy Free Essays

Gujarat and Maharashtra Social economic data (populations, education, trade, agriculture, urbanization), infrastructure, development, and policies. What is the primary focus of each state? How do population densities compare? Are both these countries agriculturally self-sufficient? How educated is the labor force? Gujarat is located in the west side of India, and lies in the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is surrounded by different states on each side. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes Me Happy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The population of the state holds about 60 million people who speak the language of Gujarat which is gujarati. The people from Gujarat believe that â€Å"art, culture, and lifestyle make life peaceful and calm. †(The official Gujarat state portal) Art is a big deal in their state; they feel a sense of freedom to express their culture and how they feel. They also believe music is the words of the angels. They dance and praise their music to give thanks to their angels for their success and lifestyle. In Gujarat is where all the highly praised legends come from for example Gandhi, a freedom fighter. Gujarat has a lot of great things about it; another amazing thing about this country is their schools. They make sure to have great Universities to have well educated people, but in fact more men go to a University then women do. There are more men than women in Gujarat, the ratio has gotten better over the years. There is a great deal of pride amongst the people in Gujarat for their state. There is another state in India that is rich in their culture, and that is Maharashtra, India. Maharashtra is located in the western region of India. Maharashtra is the third largest state in India but the wealthiest state. The native language people speak in Maharashtra is Marathi. How to cite What Makes Me Happy, Essay examples

Importance of Continuing Profession Development

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Continuing Profession Development. Answer: Introduction: Undeniably, in the recent decades, the nursing profession has witnessed profound developments due to globalization and technological advancement (Kathleen Masters, 2017, 39). The continued professional development (CPD) has been handy in ensuring that the nurses remain relevant in this ever-changing profession. CPD has made sure that the capabilities of nurses are perpetuated and that they keep pace with current standards in the profession. For instance, through incessant conferences attendances, mandatory workplace training endeavors and self-directed learning among nurses has enabled them to maintain and enhance the knowledge and skills that are critical in discharging professional services to the clients. This move has led to increased public confidence not only in the professional discharging care but the profession as a whole (Alsop, 2013, 10). Improving maternal health is one of the core concern and developmental goal of numerous countries. Achieving this goal has been a big challenge to many countries. However, some countries such as New Zealand have made great strides in curbing maternal mortality. According to Celia Sally (2013, e59), continuous training of maternal health care professionals was one of the core strategies that was employed in reducing the maternal deaths. Moreover, this move of retraining maternal healthcare professionals has eliminated disparities in the access to healthcare, especially in remote areas. This phenomenon compelled demonstrates that there is need for health professionals to participate in continuous instruction to acquire requisite knowledge and skills to manage pregnancy related complications (Celia, Sally, 2013, e64) Unarguably, CPD is an excellent way of enhancing ones career prospects. This aspect is majorly due to the achievement of additional qualifications. CPD not only equips one with unique skills but it also improves and provides evidence of competence. For instance, this move has resulted in many registered nursing (RN) upgrading to a bachelor of science in nursing (BScN).This transition apart from increasing the salary margin, it has enabled them to make meaningful contributions to the team and the institution at large thus making them more efficient. Moreover, CPD may enhance the development of individual qualities such competence and leadership skills. Such aspects may enhance promotions (Alsop, 2013, 22). Further, CPD has tremendously refined the nursing profession. It has culminated in the evolution of avid educators and specialists. This group of individuals are quite knowledgeable and versatile thus they can function in multiple places in the health sector to provide intricate car e to diverse customers. Moreover, these specialists and educators Besides actively participating in research and policy creation, they have also played a key role in guiding the nurses under them. This move has not only enhanced competence within the nursing fraternity, but it has also propelled the profession further (Kathleen Masters, 2017, 39). Further, CPD enables nurses to provide evidence-based care which is their core mandate. This approach to healthcare delivery requires nurses to utilize the best available evidence in making decision about patient care. CPD ensures that new knowledge is always generated through multiple approaches such as health research. Besides ensuring that the existing knowledge gaps are sealed, CPD elicits the weakness and inadequacies of the current practice and lays a framework for continuous improvement and coming up with a better approach to care (Kathleen Masters, 2017, 40). Additionally, CPD ensures that nurses provide patient-centered care. Besides enhancing the knowledge and skills of professionals, CPD also enables nurses to change their attitudes hence ensuring the providence of ethically sound healthcare provision. Moreover, a vibrant CPD system will see that the healthcare professional are committed and equipped in enhancing patient safety. Still, the continuous learning will enable t he health professionals to be accommodative to their patients diverse values and preferences. This move will culminate in high patient satisfaction and enhanced patient outcome (Katsikitis et al. 2013, 34). The statement marries well with the findings of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2010, 24).The Institute noted that due complexities of the present healthcare systems, it is imperative for nurses to specialize. The institute also observed that nurses who partake often provide quality care (Ross, Barr, Stevens, 2013). Due to advancement in technology in the recent years, the use of health informatics has been ubiquitous in almost all health institutions. These technologies have enabled the capturing and quick analysis of real-time data at various points of care. Apart from ensuring efficient management of patient information, these developments have also improved patient care. Consequently, it is imperative for nurses to undergo continuous training to be knowledgeable on how to utilize these technologies. This move will capacitate nurses to maximize the use of various technologies to enhance patient outcome (Alsop, 2013, 25). Currently, numerous health care institutions have embraced teamwork. The facilities should encourage and facilitate CPD among the employees to promote this fruitful endeavor. According to Katsikitis et al. (2013, 36), CPD is critical in enhancing coordination and collaboration between healthcare professionals enabling them to learn from and with each other. CPD creates an insatiable desire for improved personal performance among nurses. This state warrants an individual to encourage the input of others with the aim of learning different perspectives and approaches. The move further translates to the improved patient outcome. References Alsop, A 2013,Continuing Professional Development in Health and Social Care: Strategies for Lifelong Learning, Wiley, Somerset. Celia P,G, Sally K, T 2013, New Zealand's unique maternity system, Australian College of Midwives. Vol 26, (1)e59e64. DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2012.09.006 Kathleen Masters, 2017, Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice, Jones Bartlett Learning, Burlington. Katsikitis, M, McAllister, M, Sharman, R, Raith, L, Faithfull-Byrne, A Priaulx, R 2013, 'Continuing professional development in nursing in Australia: current awareness, practice, and future directions,' Contemporary Nurse, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 33-45, https://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.45.1.33 Ross K, Barr J, Stevens J 2013, Mandatory continuing professional development requirements: what does this mean for Australian nurses, BMC Nurs. 12(1). Doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-12-9

code Essays - Educational Psychology, Epistemology, Creativity

PROBLEM SOLVING VALUE RUBRIC for more information, please contact [emailprotected] Definition Problem solving is the process of designing, evaluating, and implementing a strategy to answer an open-ended question or achieve a desired goal. Evaluators are encouraged to assign a zero to any work sample or collection of work that does not meet benchmark (cell one) level performance. Capstone 4 Milestones 3 2 Benchmark 1 Define Problem Demonstrates the ability to construct a clear and insightful problem statement with evidence of all relevant contextual factors. Demonstrates the ability to construct a problem statement with evidence of most relevant contextual factors, and problem statement is adequately detailed. Begins to demonstrate the ability to construct a problem statement with evidence of most relevant contextual factors, but problem statement is superficial. Demonstrates a limited ability in identifying a problem statement or related contextual factors. Identify Strategies Identifies multiple approaches for solving the problem that apply within a specific context. Identifies multiple approaches for solving the problem, only some of which apply within a specific context. Identifies only a single approach for solving the problem that does apply within a specific context. Identifies one or more approaches for solving the problem that do not apply within a specific context. Propose Solutions/Hypotheses Proposes one or more solutions/hypotheses that indicates a deep comprehension of the problem. Solution/hypotheses are sensitive to contextual factors as well as all of the following: ethical, logical, and cultural dimensions of the problem. Proposes one or more solutions/hypotheses that indicates comprehension of the problem. Solutions/hypotheses are sensitive to contextual factors as well as the one of the following: ethical, logical, or cultural dimensions of the problem. Proposes one solution/hypothesis that is ?off the shelf? rather than individually designed to address the specific contextual factors of the problem. Proposes a solution/hypothesis that is difficult to evaluate because it is vague or only indirectly addresses the problem statement. Evaluate Potential Solutions Evaluation of solutions is deep and elegant (for example, contains thorough and insightful explanation) and includes, deeply and thoroughly, all of the following: considers history of problem, reviews logic/reasoning, examines feasibility of solution, and weighs impacts of solution. Evaluation of solutions is adequate (for example, contains thorough explanation) and includes the following: considers history of problem, reviews logic/reasoning, examines feasibility of solution, and weighs impacts of solution. Evaluation of solutions is brief (for example, explanation lacks depth) and includes the following: considers history of problem, reviews logic/reasoning, examines feasibility of solution, and weighs impacts of solution. Evaluation of solutions is superficial (for example, contains cursory, surface level explanation) and includes the following: considers history of problem, reviews logic/reasoning, examines feasibility of solution, and weighs impacts of solution. Implement Solution Implements the solution in a manner that addresses thoroughly and deeply multiple contextual factors of the problem. Implements the solution in a manner that addresses multiple contextual factors of the problem in a surface manner. Implements the solution in a manner that addresses the problem statement but ignores relevant contextual factors. Implements the solution in a manner that does not directly address the problem statement. Evaluate Outcomes Reviews results relative to the problem defined with thorough, specific considerations of need for further work. Reviews results relative to the problem defined with some consideration of need for further work. Reviews results in terms of the problem defined with little, if any, consideration of need for

Benifits of Classical Music essays

Benifits of Classical Music essays Classical music is an age-old genre of music that is typically stereotyped by many people in todays society. This type of music is frequently associated with the elderly and the upper class, and classical music is usually thought of as boring and sleep provoking. Although, classical music is hardly the choice of music for todays society, it has much to offer to this society as a whole and as a group of individuals. Classical music is a means of relaxation and mind enhancement for the individual as well as entertainment for all. Classical music is used by many as a way to relax and escape everyday chaos. After a long, hard day at work, classical music is often played during the ride home to alleviate built up, work related stress. The soft instrumental sounds of classical music such as the piano, flute, and violin are pleasing to the ears, and they are able to carry away the tensions of the day. Aside from its ability to provide relaxation, classical music enables a person to escape from reality. Because classical music lacks harsh lyrics and images of violence, it allows a person to imagine his own perfect world. Not only does classical music provide relief from the stress and chaos of society, but it also allows for intellectual enhancement. It has been said that classical music enhances the mind of the listener. Some claim that listening to classical music improves test scores, IQ levels, and the healing process. Because classical music has been linked to higher SAT scores, many teenagers today choose to listen to this genre of music. Also, many pregnant women and new mothers decide to listen to classical music because they believe, and studies have shown, that classical music can help improve the IQ levels of young children and infants. Studies have also been conducted that show a correlation between classical music and medical patients healing time. Some medica ...

Standard Chartered Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Standard Chartered Bank - Research Paper Example In the year 1969 merger of 2 banks took place and institution of the Standard Chartered Group took place. The two banks which were merged were the Standard Bank of British which was founded in South Africa in the year 1863 and the Chartered bank which was in India, Australia and china established in 1853. Both the above mentioned companies were enthusiastic to take advantage of the vast development of trade. This gave an opportunity to earn good profits which could be derived from funding the motion of the European commodities to East and to Africa. James Wilson established this bank subsequent to the accord of a Royal Charter which was proclaimed in the year 1853 by Queen Victoria. The bank's first branches were opened at Bombay which is presently known as Mumbai. Branches at Calcutta and Shanghai were also instituted in the year 1858. This was later on followed by opening of branches in Hong Kong and Singapore in the year 1859. The different conventional business consisted of cotton from Mumbai, rice from Burma, Calcutta contributed tea and indigo, Java's contribution was sugar, Sumatra gave tobacco, Manila bestowed hemp and silk was taken from Yokohama. The bank had to play a key part in the growth of business deal with the East leading to the unfolding of the Suez Canal in the year 1869 and the prolongation of the telegraphy services to China in the year 1871. In the year 1957, Chartered Bank acquired the Eastern Bank and the Cyprus branches of the Ionian Bank's which led to a foundation of existence in the Gulf. 1.3 The Standard Bank: John Paterson instituted the Standard Bank in South Africa in the Province of the Cape during1862. The bank had a prominent business of funding the growth of the diamond fields at Kimberley since 1867. Later on the business was extended to the gold fields of Johannesburg. In the year1969, the Chartered and the Standard banks decided to go in for a gracious merger. But in the year 1986, an aggressive bid to acquire was attempted by 3 Lloyds Bank of UK. The proposal was thwarted and Standard Chartered moved into a period of transformation. The early period of the 1990s saw the Standard Chartered

The Novel Kate Chopin The Awakening and the Short Story by Kate Chopin Essay

The Novel Kate Chopin The Awakening and the Short Story by Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour - Essay Example Sometimes cultural expectation or social conditions make people behave in a typical manner. Kate Chopin’s short story ‘The Story of An Hour’ and his novel ‘The awakening’ are two works in which the social conditions or the cultural expectations compel people to escape to the world of freedom (Petry, 1996) (Koloski, 1996). The protagonist of the novel ‘The awakening’ longed to take herself away from the expectations of her society (Telgen and Hile, 1998). While reading between the lines of ‘The awakening’, readers can find that the most crucial incident, the suicide of Edna (at the end of the book) is a consequence of her attempt to escape from everything and to tear herself away the social expectations to which she was strongly bounded to (Ewell, 1986). Her mentality was one of despair in which she does not wanted to live in the way she was supposed to be. Reading thorough the mind and sole of Edna, we can see that the decisi on that she has taken at the end was the one and only solution for her to escape from the internal struggles she suffered. She had violated the line that marks the norm of the society (and its conventions) of the late 1800s (Telgen and Hile, 1998). Edna’s despair that she will not be able to live in the ‘expected’ manner, leads to her take her own life. ... Edna was actually becoming free (recognizing her selfhood) attaining freedom and victory that was denied to her by Robert. Edna is a woman who should have born couple of centuries later; she would never fit in the life of the 1800s. Robert’s demand for Edna to be his wife, a ‘mother-woman’, following all the social conventions and followings, were unacceptable to Edna. As far as she was concerned, such a submission to his desires is a denial of her identity. Edna was unable to face this reality and she opted not to live rather than being submissive to the followings. She does not want herself to be locked inside the societal cage in which men others wanted her to reside. Her outlook and personality made her unfit for the life of her times. Edna’s life became quite unsuitable for the role her lover, husband and what the society demanded for her. Edna’s personal desire of freedom was denied in all her relationships, her father, her husband and even Rob ert (Ewell, 1986). Everybody denied her wish to live in her freedom and wanted her to submit her ‘sense of self’ in the role she was expected to play. Edna refuse to play these roles and her sense of self was too strong and very precious for her. "Edna's sense of self makes impossible her role of wife and mother as defined by her society; yet she comes to the discovery that her role of wife and mother also makes impossible her continuing sense of independent selfhood" (Chopin, 1982). She was found to be moving into the water and swimming away from the shore where she would remember "Leonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (Chopin,

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Essay

Discuss the Role that New Media Tecnologies Play in the Promotion, Exhibition and Display of Contemporary Fashion - Essay Example Then a discussion of the way in which the new forms of media are being used will be made in order to see how advantages of the new technologies are being exploited for the benefit of consumer marketing. This essay will explore the nature of communications as it is experienced between the consumer and the retailer through the event of the window display. The concept of ‘new media’ must be observed as a social term that defines time more than it defines a tangible concept. The new media emerged as communications began to grow in such a way as to change the nature of communication. New media involves digital media, cellular communications, internet interactions, and all of the technologies that are emerging from these forms (Lister 2003, p. 9). However, the concept is more than just the technologies. It is the evolutionary break between the world before the internet and the world that has emerged since its proliferation. The way in which humans now communicate has had an el ementary shift. Communication is accomplished through writing, verbalizing or through interpretation of imagery. Communication is codified with signals that indicate context for the content. The impersonal nature of internet communication has been compensated for by the development of social languages that are in many ways kinder and friendlier than in previous forms of more formal communication. Therefore, the nature of how emotion is indicated in written language has become symbolized through pictorials, shortened references such as lol, meaning laugh out loud, and the use of capital letters or small letters. Furthermore, because of the heavy use of advertising, the way in which movement of digital imagery and impact of colour usage has been defined has changed elements of the way in which... This paper approves that the artistry of the window display is secondary to its initial purpose. A window display is intended to create a piece of marketing for the store in front of which it sits. However, creating a good display window does take artistic skills. The skills are unique in that they involve defining a three dimensional space that is confined to specified measurements. This essay makes a conclusion that the communication of the window in a shop is created through the context in which the images in the window are arranged for the viewing consumer. The connection between the shop and the exterior world is defined by the communication of the window, this conduit providing a discourse about the brand and the wares inside the store. As technologies have changed and evolved into the new media, so has the type of communication that the window has created. The window no longer simply tells a story about what is inside the shop, but it must convince the consumer of the need for the products and provide a symbolic connection to the modern world. While technologies have provided both a conversation about modern culture and methods of expressing modern culture, they have also created a challenge for the window designer. In creating a discourse on fashion, the most effective windows create a commentary on the modern world while promoting lifestyles in that worl d that reflect the aesthetics of the designers of the fashions represented.

Chinese Exploitation And Discrimination In Canada History Essay

Chinese Exploitation And Discrimination In Canada History Essay European colonial period is characterized by the conquering of foreign land, the exploitation of resources and slaves, and the imposition of European culture. From European colonialism arose many atrocious acts such as the Triangular Slave Trade and the decimation of many indigenous populations. Ideologically, the concept of orientalism emerged from European colonialism where it became lens in which the West sees the people of the East as weak and inferior. European explorers sought to make sense of their travels by drawing from classical knowledge, religious sources, and mythology (Glyn, Meth and Willis 2009); it was a corrupt archive on the cultural identity of the colonized based on sweeping generalizations and stereotypes that crossed several cultural and national boundaries (ibid). The information isolated the colonized and separated them as the other from Europeans (ibid). The creation of a general inferior identity allowed colonial powers to legitimize their colonization and e xploitation of these people (ibid). Although Great Britain and other powerful countries in Europe actively colonized much of the modern Third World and created many obstacles for their future development, other non-colonizing countries do are not guilt-free. Loyal historical colonies like Canada have had a similarly exploitative relationship with Third World citizens, including its blatant discrimination against non-European settlers such as the Chinese. Contrary to the popular belief that Canada has always had a benevolent relationship with people of the Third World, Canada carried forth the orientalist view from European colonialism and used them to justify its discrimination against and exploitation of Chinese immigrants from 1880 to 1947. Under the pretense of orientalism, Canada exploited Chinese labour in building their national railway, created racism immigration policies to keep the Chinese out, and withheld fundamental rights on the grounds of ethnicity. Canada exploited Chinese immigrants as a solution to the labour shortage in building the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) from 1881 to 1885. Throughout the four years and even following it, Chinese suffering outweighed their benefits while Canada was able to complete its railroad on time for a considerably cheaper price. The completion of the CPR was extremely important to Canada because it was a physical means to unite the different regions of Canada together as a country (Baureiss 2007:15). Canada had a lot at stake in the CPR project where a delay in its construction could lead to British Columbias secession from the union of Canada (ibid). In order to meet the completion deadline, the CPR contractor, Andrew Onderdonk, was granted permission from the federal government to import Chinese labourers to compensate for the insufficient Canadian labour force (Wang 2006:11). The Chinese immigrants were allowed entry only for the purposes of building the railroad; Canada was not in favour o f having permanent Chinese settlements and primarily hired men who would presumably return home to their families upon completion (ibid). With the extra labour force of approximately 15 000 Chinese labourers working on the Western portion of the CPR, the railroad was completed on time (Yu 2009:16). Canada also benefit from the low wages that they paid the Chinese immigrants. In the construction of the CPR, white Canadian labourers were paid an average wage of $1.50 to $1.75 while the Chinese labourers were paid $1.00 with the mandate to purchase their provisions solely from the company store (Baureiss 2007:15). Although the two groups performed the same tasks, Canada justified the difference using the orientalist stereotype that the Chinese could survive on a lower wage than the white Canadian labourers (Whiteley, 1929: 342). The railway company saved money in paying cheaper wages and also earned profits in selling provisions to Chinese labourers (ibid). Orientalism created an unequal power relation between Canada and the Chinese immigrants where the Chinese served to benefit Canada. A tragic example is the 4 000 deaths of Chinese labourers working on the CPR as a result of poor working conditions, disease, landslides and accidental explosions (Toronto Star 1986:F.2) For those who survived, Canada did not make an attempt to include or integrate the Chinese into Canadian society because they were not truly welcome and were expected to leave anyway (Wang 2006:12). However, nearing completion of the CPR many Chinese labourers were dismissed early and found themselves with insufficient funds to finance their return fare back to China (ibid). Many descended into poverty as they lost employment with the railway company and others resorted to labouring in mines (ibid). The sole reason that the Chinese were allowed entry into Canada was to advance Canadas own interests in completing the railway in the most efficient and cost effective manner; in complete disregard for the well-being of the Chinese, they opened the gates for the destitute in China in order for Canada to exploit their cheap labour and then abandon them. Canada initially decided to import Chinese because orientalist beliefs dictated that the Chinese were stereotypically inferior in hard labour (Wang 2006:12); Canada would be able to exploit their inferiority and still use them to complete the railroad efficiently. Although this orientalist perception of the Chinese is inaccurate, the fact that Chinese immigrants were imported into a disadvantaged position forced them into the powerless stereotype as they were subject to Canadian interests. They were allowed entry into Canada in accordance to the amount of labour needed by Canada, and they worked at any offered in order to survive. In p urposefully pushing a number of Chinese immigrants into the orientalist stereotype, Canada was able to prove the orientalist knowledge as true and thus justify their exploitation of cheap Chinese labour. As exemplified in the CPR project, Canadas relationship with the Chinese people from the then developing country of China is in no way benevolent or good-willed; on the contrary Canada used and promoted orientalist perceptions of the Chinese in order to rationalize the exploitation of their labour. Canada subsequently discriminated against the Chinese systematically through a racially exclusive immigration policy. The orientalist stereotypes of the Chinese fuelled Canadas institutionally racist immigration policy as they primarily focused on defending against the sojourner image of transitory labourers, who had come [to Canada] to find a fortune and return with it to China (Baureiss 2007:22). Believing in this sojourner stereotype, Canadians felt threatened by the Chinese labourers competitive edge and feared for their job security (ibid). Moreover, in 1903 Prime Minister Wilfred Laurier publically supported the racist and orientalist ideals in his statement to the House of Commons where he said in my opinion there is not much room for the Chinaman in Canada (Winter 2008:122). In response to the wantlessness for the Chinese, Canada passed racially discriminatory regulations through the 1885 Act to Restrict and Regulate Chinese Immigration into Canada which necessitated a $50 pa yment for entry know as the head tax (ibid). However the head tax seemed to reinforce the sojourner stereotype as Chinese men arrived in Canada to work and often sent large sums of their salaries home to their families rather than spending it on the Canadian economy (Baureiss 2007:22). The orientalist stereotype fuelled further intolerance for the Chinese, even though it ignores the fact that the head tax was designed to discourage permanent Chinese settlements in Canada; it was presumably too expensive for a Chinese family to afford the head tax for all family members (ibid). In response to the growing intolerance for the Chinese, Canada took intensified measures to stop Chinese immigration, the head tax was raised to $100 in 1902 and then $500 in 1904 the equivalent of two years worth of wages for an average worker (Wang 2006:12). With the hike in price for the head tax, many men who immigrated ahead of their families lost hope of bringing their wives or children to Canada and fo r many years [the Chinese] community became a bachelor society (Plaitiel 1988:A8). As men working on a dollar a day could not afford to bring their families to Canada, Chinese immigration was significantly curtailed and the Canadian government profited $23 million generated by approximately 81 000 Chinese immigrants (Winter 2008:122), however Canadas intolerance was not satiated. In 1923 Canada replaced the head taxes with the Chinese Immigration Act that prohibited Chinese immigration altogether for a total of twenty-four years (Winter 2008:122). The act gave many Chinese workers the ultimatum of being separated from their family permanently or giving up their immigrant status to return home (Wang 2006:12). The immigration policies set forth by the Canadian government are not only racially discriminatory, but it spread the general orientalist view of unworthiness and undesirability in the Chinese ethnicity. The orientalist stereotypes of the Chinese initially caused Canadians to unwelcome the Chinese but the implementation of head taxes seemingly reinforced the stereotypes, without consideration towards the actual circumstances and created a completely intolerant society. The exclusion of the Chinese in Canada was justified by the orientalist stigma that the Chinese are an unwanted ethnicity in Canada, and thus legitimating any means to eliminate them; the h ead tax that created a financial burden on the Chinese, separated families between countries, and prevented a second generation of Chinese Canadians were valid. Moreover, the eventual total refusal of Chinese immigrants was substantiated based on the orientalist sojourner identity created for the Chinese immigrants dictated them as morally inferior and self-interested. Canadas creation of an orientalist lens in which to view the Chinese through blatantly racism immigration policies contradicts its perceived identity as being benevolent and accommodating to people of the Third World in development. In addition to barring the entry of Chinese immigrants, Canada systemically discriminated against Chinese immigrants already within Canada by legally withholding fundamental human rights. For example, the Chinese were excluded from political life and did not have the right to vote (Baureiss 2007:23). Although they were initially granted voting rights like immigrants of other ethnicities, the right to vote was disallowed to the Chinese in British Columbia in 1985 in provincial and municipal elections (ibid). Later, the federal government also refused to give the Chinese voting rights in federal elections (ibid). Prime Minister John A. Macdonald further justified disenfranchisement of the Chinese by stating that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the Chinese have no British instinct and their mind [is] not suited for democracy (Baureiss 2007:23). Macdonalds statement crystallized the fact that the Chinese are denied rights based on the knowledge about their race as communicated by orientalism; the Chinese are inferior because without British instinct, their intelligence is too elementary for democracy. The Chinese in Canada did not have access to equal opportunity and were further excluded from numerous jobs based on racial grounds. Initially, the exclusion from participating in politics led to disqualification from certain prestigious or powerful professions that included law, pharmacy and accounting (Baureiss 2007:27). Similar to the discriminatory immigration policy, the denial of equality rights to the Chinese stemmed from the oriental stereotype of the sojourner. Since the sojourner stereotype dictated that the Chinese immigrants would all leave after amassing their wealth, Canadians rationalized that it was unnecessary to grant them equal opportunity rights because they would return home and not remain in Canada permanently (Baureiss 2007:23). As a result, in 1878 British Columbia passed a resolution that prohibited Chinese immigrants from working in the provincial public sector (Baureiss 2007:26). Subsequently, the Chinese were also denied positions in many skilled occupatio ns such as boat-makers, mechanics and merchants (ibid). Disqualification became widespread in so many different professions because of restrictive legislation that the Chinese were marginalized to a very limited number of industries such as agriculture, retail and services trades and certain elements of lumbering and fishing low-paying professions that required very minimal education or training (ibid:27). In an effort to combat the greedy and self-interested sojourner, there were a limited number of tasks that the Chinese were eligible to perform within these designated industries. For example, the Chinese were only welcome as cheap farm labourers and could not buy or lease their own land by law (ibid). Being surrounded by these restrictions made the service industry the only major avenue available and the Chinese were generally marginalized to become laundrymen, grocers or homemakers (ibid). Through orientalist knowledge, the Chinese were perceived as weak and incompetent compared to white Canadians, validating their exclusion from franchise and from many more respectable professions. The acceptance and creation of an orientalist identity justified that any measures including those that violate the fundamental human rights the Chinese should be entitled to were justified so long as they cater towards protecting the employment opportunities of white Canadians. In essence, orientalism was a tool for Canada to rationalize the second-class treatment of the Chinese and the refusal of several inalienable human rights. The blatant institutional racism that Canada created under the pretense of orientalist knowledge not only shattered down its perceived kindness but it reveals the hostility that Canada showed to the Chinese. Canadas discrimination and exploitation of the Chinese people directly contradicts the belief that Canada is benevolent towards people of the Third World and Third World countries in general. Canada accepted and further enhanced the orientalist views of the Chinese to exploit their cheap labour in constructing the CPR. Subsequently once the Chinese were no longer useful, Canada justified discriminatory immigration policies to stop Chinese immigration with orientalist stereotypes. In regards to the Chinese immigrants in Canada, the government systemically withheld fundamental political and equality rights from them and justified the second-class treatment with orientalist knowledge of inferiority. Historically, Canada has evidently not been as benevolent towards people of the Third World as it portrays itself to be. Although conditions have significantly improved since the nineteenth century, Canada still has not lived up to the high standards of benevolence and generosity as immigrat ion policies remain exclusive in many other ways. Canadians may see themselves as peaceful and kind to the multicultural people of the Third World but whether it becomes the truth or not depends on what actions Canada decides to take. Canada can choose to make it a priority to root out orientalism or to simply lower the standards of Canadas role in helping and empowering people of the Third World.

The Representation of Medieval Women In The Canterbury Tales :: Literary Analysis, Geoffrey Chaucer

The Representation of Medieval Women In The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer, and English writer and civil servant, began writing his most famous work The Canterbury Tales in 1386 (Chaucer iii). The story is about a group of pilgrims who journey together to Canterbury to seek the shrines of St. Thomas à ¡ Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was killed by order of Henry II in 1170 (1). During this pilgrimage, each character is introduced and is given a chance to tell a story to pass the time. In â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† and â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† Chaucer represents two very different type of medieval women by representing women who differ in power over men and virtues. In â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† Chaucer describes a woman’s power over men as residing in her beauty. The story is told by a courageous and chivalrous knight who lives by a code of â€Å"truth, honour, freedom, and all courtesy,† (Chaucer 2), therefore, he represents women in a respectable way. He does through the description of his main female character. He describing her as, â€Å"[S]he is sweeter than any flower that blows,† (31) and, â€Å"Like a heavenly angel’s was her song,† (32). Emily is young and beautiful and her beauty makes men immediately fall in love with her. In the tale, two Theban cousins were imprisoned by Emily's brother in law, Thesà «us, after a battle in Thebes, and locked away in a tower. In this tower, both cousins catch a glimpse of Emily and fall madly in love with her. They ultimately fight a battle over her. Through this, Chaucer shows the power of beauty and the influence that it may have on men. Also in â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† the knight helps represents medieval women through Emily’s virginity and purity. The knight proceeds with his story and tells how both cousins fought for Emily as their bride, but Emily did not want to be anyone’s bride. She prayed in the temple to the goddess Diana,before the two cousins battled for her hand in marriage, and pleaded to Diana, â€Å"Chaste goddess, well indeed thou knowest that I/ Desire to be a virgin all my life/ Nor ever wish to be man’s love or wife,† (Chaucer 63). Emily wishes to be a maiden to better serve her deity and her religion. For Emily, virginity is virtuous, and for that reason she wishes to remain a virgin.

A Reaction on Aliens’ Ownership Right of Real Property in the Philippines Essay

A Reaction on Aliens’ Ownership Right of Real Property in the Philippines â€Å"Ang Pilipinas ay para sa mga Pilipino.† (â€Å"The Philippines is for the Filipinos†) Does it sound patriotic or nationalistic? Or does it pertain to selfish motives or mercenary actions? It is a fact that many aliens have been invading to the Philippines. Yes, they are aliens the non-Philippine nationals or foreigners. Most of them are fascinated and attracted to the beautiful sceneries around the Philippine archipelago. Others also pursue their business careers in the country, they are the investors, and the business oriented people who wish to put up their capitals and trade whether in a form of sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation. The aliens are granted the right to acquire a land or real property (immovable property) provided that they will consider the provisions under the Philippine Anti-Dummy Law the limitations on certain economic activity including the enjoyment of rights. In line with the Condominium Act of the Philippines, Republic Act 4726, the aliens are given the right to completely own a condominium unit but when it comes to project, the corporation must be composed of only 40%foreign investors. On the other hand, under the Investor’s Lease Act of the Philippines, foreign nationals or corporation may enter into lease agreement with Filipino landowners for an initial period of fifty years and a renewable extension of 25 years. As we try to comprehend to the law, it is really pro-Filipino. We noticed that the there are only 40% foreign investors or the stockholders and the 60% come from Filipinos. It’s also obvious that the aliens are prohibited to completely possess lands which are really in accordance to Article XII, Section 7 of the Philippine Constitution. Talking about the 40% foreign capitalists and investors, the Philippine  government can gain taxes from them which in turn can be used to accommodate common good for the Filipinos. The issue on Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) or prominently called pork barrel barges in. That huge amount of money came from the taxpayers, both the Philippine nationals and non-Philippine nationals. But due to institutionalized corruption, the money which is intended for the people in the society are being stole by some of the national officials. This is another dilemma that the Philippine government should take into consideration and action. Back to the issue on aliens, the mediocre are skeptical whether the foreigners are given the right to fully own resources in the country or not. This is to clarify that they are not given the full authority; they are just given the opportunity to get into the business world which in turn both the aliens the Filipinos can gain something. It does not mean that though they have been advancing to the country, they steal what’s ours. There are laws for them to follow, thus, there’s no way for us to worry. The law has been already promulgated. All we can do is to deal with it, just no racial deviation, just focus for the common good of all Filipinos. The aliens are striving for their benefits, the same way should we act for ourselves. Let’s do our part and adhere to our virtues as we keep burning the Filipino spirit!

Whats a Good SAT Score for an Honors Student

What's a Good SAT Score for an Honors Student SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips e It can be hard to tell the difference between a goodSAT score and a bad one, especially for high-achieving students. To help you see how you stack up against your peers,we've done a thorough statistical analysis to determine what counts as a good SAT score for an honors student. In this guide, I'll give you a sense of what a high score looks like for a top student and help you understand what that means for you. But before we get into the data,let's define our terms. What Is an Honors Student? Honors students are high achievers. Whether we think of them as student enrolled in honors classes, students on the honor roll, or students earning a certain class rank, the basic premise remains the same: they strive towards loftier academic standards than most of their colleagues do. Since this is certainly true when it comes to grades in school, it ought, by rights, to extend to standardized testing. What qualifies, then, as a "good" SAT score for any given student is determined largely by the performance of that student's scholastic peers. What Is a Good SAT Score? When you think about it, there's really no universal cut-off between a "great" score and a "not-so-great" score- not one that every single student will agree on.What trulymakes a score a good one is its ability to get you where you want to gothat is, its ability to make you attractive to the schools you'd like to attend. Honors students are generally gearing towards more competitive schools. Thus, they're going to need more exceptional scores to earn their way in! I'm not sure what the statistics in this picture mean, but they sure do look official! Good SATScores for Honors Students We at PrepScholar ran some statistical analyses to answer the delicate question of what a good score really looks like for an honors student. We used what's called a Monte-Carlo method, which is a lot more accurate than just lining up percentiles and comparing those. You see, just because you're in the top tenth of students at your school, that doesn't necessarily put you in the top tenth of standardized test takers. Why not, you may ask? Well, high schools select honors students based on different criteria than the SAT. Based on our analysis, we've compiled high, average, and low scores for both honors and high honors students. Honors Students We're defining these as the top third of high school students. It's possible that some of these students are not recognized as honors students at their schools, and it's possible that some students recognized as honors students at their schools are not among this third. Let's look at the range of scores for this group: A low score(25th percentile) is 1117 An average score (median) is 1207 Ahigh score (75th percentile) is 1285 Now, statistically, for the best of the best... High Honors Students We're defining these as the top tenth of high school students. These students are the ones most likely to be in high honors programs, though the same disclaimer applies here as it did before. Let's look at the range of scores for this group: A low score(25th percentile) is 1885(or 1257on the New SAT) An average score (median) is 2000(or 1333on the New SAT) Ahigh score (75th percentile) is 2102(or 1401on the New SAT) Take-Aways Sadly, there's truly no rest for the weary. The competition is a lot stiffer among more elite groups of students. It takes a much higher SAT score to stand out among high honors students than it does to stand out from among the common crowd. Having a good class rank combined with a stellar SAT score, though, is totally worth the effort. What's Next? Put in the work preparing for the test. Let us clue you in as to why it's so crucial. Aiming high along the way? A perfect score is tough to get, but it's possible. Are you still unclear on what a good SAT score is- or do you want a more general picture? We've got you covered. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays The Stranger is Meursaults Paper The Stranger is Meursaults Paper Essay Topic: The Stranger In the two works, The Stranger, by Albert Camus, and Night, by Elie Wiesel, Death is portrayed differently, and this sheds light on the different attitudes toward death in French and Jewish societies. In order to compare these two works of literature, I will supply evidence of death in these two works of literature, and explain how the authors portray the instances of death in the two works and how the cultural background of each of the novels is reflected through the portrayal of death in the novels. In The Stranger, I will focus on the death of Meursaults mother, the death of the Arab that Meursault kills, and Meursaults own death. In Night, I will focus on the death of Elies father. In The Stranger, The death of Meursaults mother is one of the events central to the plot of the book. It is the first event mentioned in the book (and I mean the very first), and it is one of the reasons that the end of the book turns out the way that it does. Camus portrayal of Meursaults mothers, or Mamans, as she is affectionately entitled in the book, death is as if her death is a serious matter, but only a natural action that had to be done sometime. He does this by referring to Meursaults relatively apathetic reaction to his mothers death. In example, the very first line of the book reads Maman died today. Or yesterday, maybe, I dont know. This shows that Meursault doesnt really grieve about his mothers death, which is really because he is somewhat disillusioned with emotions altogether, but, to the reader, it connotes the idea that death isnt really that big of a deal. Because Meursault talks about events like his dinner that evening and what time he rode the bus to get to the nursing home, it shows that he didnt really care much about his mothers death. Camus uses that apathy that Meursault has to set a standard in the readers mind that death doesnt really matter all that much. Another example of death in The Stranger is Meursaults killing of the Arab. Meursault does not take the action of killing the Arab man seriously. In his action of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt do it because he has any particular animosity towards the Arab, but because Raymond told him to, and he has no reason not to listen to Raymond. In example, When asked if he thinks Raymond should Let the Arab have it, Meursault says I thought that if I said no hed get himself all worked up and shoot for sure. All I said was He hasnt said anything yet. Itd be pretty lousy to shoot him like that. (56). This shows that Meursault wasnt really killing the Arab because he cared about the issue that Raymond was animate about; in fact, he didnt even really want the poor man to die. In the act of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt talk about having a motive for his action, but instead blames it on physical stimuli. All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, indistinctly, the dazzling spear flying up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes My whole being tensed and I squeezed my hand around the revolver. (59) This shows that Meursault didnt even really have an emotional or pre-cognized reason for killing the Arab, so the death of the Arab wouldnt mean all that much to him. Therefore, Camus is again using Meursaults reaction as an example of his reaction to death. The last example of death in The Stranger, or LEtranger is in Meursaults own execution and death.

Strategy Formulation United Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy Formulation United Way - Essay Example Two possible strategies for United Ways would include an integrated marketing communication strategy and a control and monitoring mechanism in the area of corporate governance that would involve appointment of independent auditors as well as implementation of strict code of conduct. The following sections would largely show how these two strategies could be used to counter the issues faced by the organization. The issues and advantages for the two strategies would be specifically analyzed in the following sections. The recent financial crisis had a major impact on the accessibility of funds as disposable income dried up following job cuts. It was becoming difficult for United Ways to sustain itself in the market. Certain alternative strategies for the organization would include going international and seeking funds from across the world. The company could use Americans living in other nations to generate funds for the organization in nations where the effect of financial crisis is le ss severe (Norris, 2007, p.218-220). In addition to this the organization should also use an integrated marketing communication strategy based on social networking and internet to raise funds from international sources.

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) Essay

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) - Essay Example IM is also used when an individual wishes to maintain and create a specific identity. Often, an individual achieves the goal by exhibiting certain behaviors, both non-verbal and verbal, which causes others to view the individual as desired. Existing research about IM reveals that, it is a dynamic process, which occurs incessantly during interpersonal interactions (Merkl-Davies & Brennan 2007, p120). As people interact with others, they establish signals or cues that indicate how other people perceive them. Therefore, the underlying assumption of this study is to discuss the impression management strategies for performance management in both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations. According to Kaplan & Fisher (2009, p320), impression management is a goal-directed behavior in bureaucratic organizations. For instance, most job candidates engage into some forms of deceptive such as personality assessment to succeed in the interview process. Although deception is an issue affecting both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations, the truth of the matter is that many employees continue to use it to further their goals with the organizations. A research by Harris, Gallagher & Rossi (2013, p171) reveals that, most employees who engage into deception often gain organizations benefits such as promotions. In some instances, an employee may impress his/her supervisor by the fact that, he has a strong work background in the immediate field. In other instance, an employee may provide untrue information about his personality.

Personal development through reflective practice Essay

Personal development through reflective practice - Essay Example ts on a monthly basis with all of the heads of service within the council Senior Management Group to make sure that all of the senior managers within the council have a regular opportunity to keep up to date with the latest changes and/or issues which are taking shape. Their stipulated task and the agenda is to Provide strategic advice to the council, ensuring that the policy objectives of the council are incorporated within the work programmers of services; Lead and/or manage the development of major strategies; Provide information and support to councilors, managers and staff; Manage the performance of the directors and heads of service to enable services to implement the councils policies efficiently and effectively; Oversee the development of working relationships between councilors and staff; Ensure the health of the organization (values, culture, expectations and structures);Provide the lead on corporate and inter-agency initiatives to achieve an integrated approach for issues which fall outside of traditional service delivery mechanisms; Co-ordinate the councils work with partner organizations and to establish working relationships with their representatives; Represent the council in local, regional and national debates and Deal with the re solution of conflict. The primary agenda of the counsel is to ensue that the children are developed to their full potential and are brought in a stable, safe and a secure environment. The real deal lies in improving upon their educational attainment and to help even the most vulnerable children and young people to groom them and become better individuals in the long run. Would be to Enabling all children and young people to fulfil their potential, Promoting their safety, care and stability, improving their educational attainment and to enable the most vulnerable children and young people in the Council to develop to their full potential The real strength of the department lies in the wide pool of staff knowledge

Super Size Me Analysis Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me Analysis Essay To some, eating solely off the McDonald’s menu for thirty days to see what the effects may be is looked down at as an attack on unhealthy and fast food corporations, but to many, Super Size Me is an incredible documentary that helps shine a light on the horrendous effects that fast food has on our society. Morgan Spurlock’s rules are simple: only food off of McDonald’s menu may be eaten, he must consume three meals a day, if asked to super size he must, and everything on the menu must be eaten at least once. On day one he goes and gets baseline measurements of his body from numerous health and medical experts to be able to gauge himself as the month progresses, and from there on out, it’s chow time. Morgan Spurlock’s Super Size Me digs beyond the obvious correlation between fast food and poor health. Spurlock exposes the flaws in our society’s choice of food, makes the point that personal responsibility is essential, and openly criticizes corporate and government deniability. By using an extremely personal setting, a plethora of unforgettable visuals, interesting dialogues, a steady change in tone, and incorporation of children, Spurlock effectively delivers his message that fast food is a fast way to deteriorate your state of health. Morgan Spurlock, unlike many other documentary producers, creates an extremely personal point of view. He does so by allowing the viewer to see over his own shoulder, and not a random test subject, to watch his month long McDonald’s binge. Spurlock immediately, and at times humorously, opens up completely to the audience. Before the viewer knows it, Spurlock is half naked at the doctor’s, throwing up on camera, and being torn apart by his wife about his in ability to perform in the bed. By having this more personal and open point of view, Spurlock is able to earn more of the audience’s trust making it easier for him to get his message across. Second to the personal setting, the visual effects utilized by Spurlock make the message of the documentary hard to forget. Without fail, every two to five minutes a McDonald’s â€Å"Golden Arches† appear somewhere on the screen, making it hard for the audience not to pair a negative denotation with it by the end of the film. Aside from all of the McDonald’s signs, the camera consistently zooms in, as close as one would ever want to be, to Spurlock’s super sized french fries and extra greasy Big Mac. Watching the repetitiveness of close ups on processed, fried, and poorly made food is enough for any viewer to not want to east fast food for quite sometime. Spurlock also uses simple charts, such as the ones to display his portrait as days pass, to allow the viewer to easily see the trend of negative health increasing directly with the amount of time spent on his McDonald’s diet. Another interesting visual Spurlock uses is the satanic drawings of what appears to be Ronald McDonald. The pictures are demonic and are supposed to depict Ronald as a ruthless clown and not someone a little kid would like to be around. And if all of these visuals weren’t enough, Spurlock goes even further when he shows a common body weight reduction surgery in action. The viewer first sees probes with cameras and tools inserted into the patient’s repulsively large belly, and then ends up inside the patient’s fat filled stomach watching the surgeons nip and tuck away. Spurlock makes it very hard for the viewer to forget what his message is with all of these images that stick in the back of your mind. From the head of McDonald’s to a middle school kid buying lunch, Spurlock carries out an assortment of dialogues throughout the documentary. Although many are significant, the most memorable and effective would have to be the conversations Spurlock has while visiting Madison Junior High School. He first confronts a girl with only cookies and french fries on her plate and asks her if she’s going to eat anything else. The girl simply says no. Spurlock moves on to the lunch line and asks a girl if she was going to get anything else other than french fries on her plate and she responds, â€Å"Well I’m getting milk†¦ its my calcium and my vegetables. † If you weren’t disgusted with the kid’s food choices alone, Spurlock moves on to the lunch ladies to get their two cents on the food being served at their school. The lunch ladies were content with the saying â€Å"ignorance is bliss. They serve the kids french fries, swiss rolls, and high sugar drinks, assuming that they had brought their own sandwich from home, but none of them ever checked to see. They all claim that they are setting up the kids to make the right choices yet most of the kids aren’t. All of these dialogues Spurlock has at the Junior High School in Illinois were very eye opening, and made the viewer feel obligated to see more of what is going on behind the scenes at their own local schools. Further on in the film, Spurlock calls McDonald’s  Headquarters trying to set up an appointment with someone high up in the corporation. Nearly every phone call he made he is promised either a message be delivered, a return phone call, or a good time to call back. Following close to twenty phone calls later, Spurlock gives up trying to schedule an appointment with the head of McDonald’s. After seeing Spurlock get shot down time and time again, it makes the viewer wonder if McDonald’s is trying to dodge a question that could damage their reputation, as well as contemplate how unprofessional their business is run. Another key strategy Spurlock uses throughout his month long McDonald’s stint is the gradual change in tone. From the beginning, Spurlock is very excited to kick off his McDonald’s exclusive diet and has a cheerful tone and positive attitude. After a couple of days turn into a couple of weeks, Spurlock’s tone changes drastically. Instead of optimistic and cheery, like from the beginning of the month, Spurlock now has a rather negative and dire one. Phone calls between him and his girlfriend that once were normal, turn in to him seriously questioning his will to continue with his experiment. Spurlock’s tone and attitude are easily noted as having a negative correlation with days spent on the McDonald’s diet. By showing this trend, Spurlock is able to emphasize the emotional, rather than just the physical, effects of his diet to the viewers. Throughout the documentary, Spurlock continuously incorporates children to capture the viewer’s attention and to show that the obesity problems start at a young age. â€Å"A Pizza Hut, a Pizza Hut, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and a Pizza Hut. McDonald’s, McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and a Pizza Hut† is sang by young children, some being obese, right at the start of the film. If this doesn’t raise a red flag in one’s head that children are being taught how to sing America’s most unhealthy fast food restaurants in school, I’m not sure what will. Spurlock also spends a decent portion of his documentary in schools. He examines the food choices available to the kids, asks them about what they eat, and observes their physical education class. The most effective use of incorporating children is the interviews he conducts by holding up pictures of famous Americans and famous fast food icons, then asking the children who they are and what they were. Some of the children could identify George Washington and what he did, but as soon as Spurlock showed them a picture of Jesus all were stumped, one boy even guessed he was George W. Bush. Then the pictures of Wendy and Ronald McDonald were shown, and to no surprise every kid there knew exactly who Ronald was and that he is associated with McDonald’s. By putting this emphasis on young children being led down the wrong path at an early age, makes the viewers compelled to believe that our society is going wrong with teaching healthy food choices. Whether it was the personal touch, visuals, dialogues, change in tone, real footage, or incorporation of children, Morgan Spurlock does an impeccable job provoking Americans to question their choice in food and influencing them to take action. When the final results of Spurlock’s experiment are posted (13% weight increase, cholesterol level of 230, and dysfunctional liver) it’s going to be very hard for me to walk into a McDonald’s. So, next time I’m faced with the choice of eating at fast food or taking a little time of my day to cook myself a meal, I definitely know which one I’ll be doing, but the real question is will everyone else?

Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure

Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure Intro The following pages will concern the scenario of Georgina Lawson. I will examine the pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure and then highlight the pharmacological management specific to Mrs Lawsons treatment. I will then concentrate specifically on Mrs Lawsons condition by identifying three signs and symptoms that she displayed upon admission, and discuss how the diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure has been reached. Next there will be a discussion on the tests undertaken at the time of Mrs Lawsons admission, their relevance, results and also the expected findings when the assumption of Acute Renal Failure has already been made. Additional tests that could also been ordered but werent will also be highlighted with their potential benefits shown. In the last part of this paper, I will write about the impact of having a BMI of 50 on the disease of process of T2DM and Acute Renal Failure as well as the pharmacological implications of having such a weight. Part 1 Acute renal failure is a representation of the rapid decline in renal function whereby blood nitrogenous wastes (urea nitrogen, uric acid, and creatinine) accumulate due to a decreased glomerular filtration rate, impairing fluid and electrolyte balances.reference? Filtration of plasma through the glomerular capillaries into the Bowmans space is the initial stage of urine production.reference Large molecules can not easily cross through the glomerular wall during normal production therefore urine is protein free. The capillary filtration pressure is higher in the glomerular than in other capillaries in the body; this increased area of pressure is what allows for the afferent and efferent contraction and relaxation of arterioles to produce high volumes of filtrate. If the glomerular filtration rate is altered the initial stage of urine production does not occur, therefore diminishing the kidneys ability to remove nitrogenous waste from the body (Porth, 2005, p.?). Acute Renal Failure is categorised in 3 areas, prerenal, intrinsic and postrenal. As prerenal characterises the symptoms displayed by Georgina Lawson only that area will be discussed. Possibly intrinsic if going down the line of Glomerulonephritis. 3 Symptoms: BP on admission 160/80 Hypertension is a constant increase of resting systolic blood pressure greater than  140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure greater than  90 mm Hg or both.reference Primary hypertension with no known cause is most common where as secondary hypertension with an identified cause is usually due to a renal disorder. referenceUsually, no symptoms develop unless hypertension is severe or long-standing (Bakris G, 2010). Blood flow depends on the rate of heart beats and the volume of blood pumped out with each beat. If rate or volume increases, blood pressure rises, and prolonged hypertension may damage many organsreference. Initially the heart works harder to pump out more blood against higher resistance.reference The heart then requires more oxygen, and is more susceptible to damage, also predisposing arteries and arterioles to damage. Arteriosclerosis results when blood moves through arteries and arterioles at high pressure, damaging the vessel causing white blood cells to be drawn to th e damaged area to form a plaque.reference Prolonged hypertension causes the kidneys to be damaged as the delicate capillaries of the kidney are continually exposed to high blood pressure, they break down, becoming permeable to proteins and other molecules. Tubules can become clogged, decreasing the kidneys ability to make urine. The presence of protein injures capillaries cell wall membranes causing further damage and worsening the situation (Porth, 2005,p.?). Dark, cloudy, odorous urine Protein is present due to damage to capillary cell walls in the kidneys, which allow proteins to pass through pores in the basement membrane during glomerular filtration. Reference Normally red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the glomerulus; therefore urine is a blood and protein-free filtrate. In a healthy person the glomerular filtration barrier will excrete less than 150mg of protein in the urine over a 24hr period (Porth, 2005, p.?). Georgina described to the GP low urine output with burning on passing urine, followed by a fluid increase. On admission urine output is still minimal, concentrated with a strong odour.Why do you think this is happening? Cloudy or murky urine is a sign of infection, which may also have an offensive smell. Reference Murky urine may also be caused by the presence of bacteria, mucus, white blood cells or red blood cells, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates.reference Osmolality or specific gravity of urine changes with the concentration of solutes, depicting a sliding scale of the hydration status and functionality of the kidneys.reference The ability to concentrate urine is lessened when renal function in impaired, with specific gravity values falling to 1.006- 1.010, while normal values during times of hydration are 1.030- 1.040. What was Georginas result and what does this demonstrate? Pitting Oedema bilaterally Edema is the expansion of the interstitial fluid volume by 2.5-3L which is evident by palpable swelling where?. Edema manifestations associated with Georginas sudden onset of symptoms include; Increased capillary filtration pressure: An increase of extracellular volume is caused by the decrease of sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, increases of capillary volume, pressure and consequent movement of fluid into the tissue space.reference Deceased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure: caused by inadequate production or abnormal loss of plasma proteins, largely albumin, most commonly in the kidney. This is due to the glomerular capillaries becoming permeable to plasma proteins, predominantly albumin, allowing them to be filtered out of the blood and lost through urine.reference Increased capillary permeability; enlargement of capillary pores or integrity of capillary walls are damaged, causing permeability is increased. This allows plasma proteins and other osmotically active particles to move into the interstitial space and increase colloid osmotic pressure, in so doing enabling the accumulation of interstitial fluid. (Porth, 2005, p?) Part 2 Discuss the tests that were ordered for Georgina and explain why they were chosen in regards to your chosen element discussed in part 1. Bloods: Na+: 135 Sodium: 135- 145 K+: 5.5 Potassium: 3.2- 4.3 Cl: 108 Chloride 99 109 Urea: 12.0 3.0- 8.0 Creatinine: 1.5 mg/dl 45- 90 Cholesterol: 6 6, this occurs in the duodenum and small intestine. Highly bound to plasma protein, especially albumin Mainly in the gastrointestinal mucosa and the liver Largely excreted by the kidneys. 2- 4.5hrs 1- 2hrs Medication critique With the fluid overload and lack of urination Goergina is experiencing, aspirin would not have an effect on her current hypertensive. Although some studies have discussed that the vasodilatory effects of aspirin would out weight the negative anti platelet effects on patients with kidney diseases, standard treatments remain that those suffering renal failure and cardiovascular disease should not be routinely prescribed aspirin. Glibenclamide What is the above medication? How does it work? How does it achieve its therapeutic effect? Oral hypoglycaemic Appears to lower the blood glucose acutely in individuals with type 2 diabetes by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells. Therapeutic use? Or indication for use? What about for your patient? It acts with glucose to improved sensitivity of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus and leads to an insulin secretion in the rhythm of meals. Increased bgls will be lowered by this and help stimulate Georginas pancreas to improve beta cell production What is the therapeutic range for this medication? Side effects? Hypoglycaemia may occur. Gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric fullness and diarrhoea are the most common side effects.    Drug interactions. Drugs which may enhance the hypoglycaemic action should be used with caution. Pharmacokinetics A: D: M: E: HL: P: Nearly completely absorbed (84 +/- 9%) after oral administration. Is extensively bound (99%) to serum proteins. Completely metabolised in the liver. Excreted as metabolites in the bile and urine, approximately 50% by each route. 2-5 hours after oral administration. Peak serum concentration is reached in two to six hours Medication critique In patients with renal insufficiency, depending on the degree of the renal excretion disorder, there is increased elimination of the metabolites via the bile. If Georginas kidney dysfunction is significant she should be continued on this medication. References Metformin What is the above medication? How does it work? How does it achieve its therapeutic effect? Metformin  causes increased peripheral uptake of glucose by increasing effectiveness of available exogenous or endogenous insulin.reference The mode of action of  metformin  may be linked to increased insulin sensitivity. It does not stimulate insulin release but does cause antihyperglycaemic effects when insulin is present. Possible mechanisms of action include inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver, delayed glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and increased peripheral uptake of glucose.reference Therapeutic use? Or indication for use? What about for your patient? Metformin  has antiketogenic activity comparable to some extent, to insulin itself.  Metformin  lowers both basal and postprandial blood glucose in diabetic patients but does not cause hypoglycaemia in either diabetic or normal individuals. reference What is the therapeutic range for this medication? 500 mg three times a day is often sufficient to obtain diabetic control, the dose can be increased to 1 g three times daily, which is the maximum recommended daily dose.reference Side effects? Mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and loss of appetite are very common, especially during the initial treatment period. These symptoms are generally resolve during continued treatment.reference Drug interactions. Calcium channel blockers may affect glucose control in diabetic patients therefore regular monitoring of glycaemic control is recommended.reference Pharmacokinetics A: D: M: E: HL: P: Oral administration  is absorbed along the entire gastrointestinal mucosa. not bound to plasma proteins. Excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism. 6hrreference Medication critique In patients with decreased renal function based on measured creatinine clearance, the plasma half-life of  metformin  is prolonged and renal clearance is decreased in proportion to the decrease in creatinine clearance. (Renal failure or renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance

The Leadville 100 Mile Trail Race :: Sports Running Geography Papers

The Leadville 100 Mile Trail Race Located in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, Leadville, Colorado is a historical monument. In the mid 1800s, Leadville was a booming mining city known for its lead and zinc. People fled there looking to build their fortunes, and at one point the population rose to nearly 30,000. Today, Leadville attracts many tourists because of its frontier mentality, beauty, and historical district. Although the population has drastically dropped to 2,800, Leadville is a charming town that truly represents the spirit of Colorado. One might ask what Leadville is well known for today? A popular event that puts the small town on the map for many people throughout the country is the Leadville Trail 100 mile race. This ultra running race which originated in 1982, is well known throughout the running community. The 100 mile race which must be completed in thirty hours or less, covers many trails and passes in Colorado. The main difficulty of the race is the challenge of the altitude. The climb and the decent of the trail totals 15,600 feet, with the lowest point being 9,200 feet and the highest point being 12,620 feet. Together, the altitude, incorporation of water crossings, changes in temperature, and steep inclines and descents, make the Leadville race one of the most difficult 100 mile races in the running world. The $160.00 entry fee that is required to run in "The Race Across the Sky" is money well spent. Not only do individuals get to run in one of the most beautiful states in the country, but they get to experience the friendly atmosphere of Colorado. The locals from Leadville volunteer to work at the aid stations which line the course, and there is truly a spirit for running. It is not only a challenging and competitive race, but a guaranteed good time. Throughout the 30 hour race which begins at 4:00 A.M. and ends at 10:00 A.M. the following day, there are fans and volunteers to make the experience more enjoyable. There is definitely a "personal" feeling which the Leadville 100 brings to running. The course is basically made up of a one hundred mile loop that can be broken up into ten different stages. Dana Roueche who is from Boulder, Colorado, has run the Leadville Trail 100 three times. In an effort to increase the percentage of finishers, he posted a journal which discusses the strategies he follows in completing the race.

Business Process Outsourcing Management System

AbstractA BPO is an area where several customer service representative (CSR) agents are located to man a bank of telephones and computer terminals. These agents are specially trained on telephone etiquette, the type of customer queries, that may arise and on how to respond to these queries in a quick and efficient manner.A BPO can also equipped with an automatic call handling system like an Interactive Voice Response system (IVR) so that all routine, repetitive queries. BPO has tremendous impact on business. BPO for selling goods and services, as well as call centers for providing customer care, is going to become a familiar part of the business of virtually every person. BPO also pioneered the developed of self-service via the telephone, using interactive voice response technology. It is providing a richer and friendlier environment for self-service transactions than the tone telephone can be answered by the system without the customer having to speak to a customer associate.Introdu ctionThe purpose of this project was the BPO management system for information about the customer need from inside and outside world. BPO is typically categorized into back office outsourcing-which includes internal business functions such as human resources or finance and accounting, and front office outsouring-which includes customer related services such as contact center services.BPO that is contracted outside a company’s country is called offshore outsourcing.BPO that is contracted to a company’s neighbouring country is called nearshore outsourcing.Given the proximity of BPO to the information technology industry.USE CASE DIAGRAM:SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:CLASS DIAGRAM:REAL TIME PROCESS DIAGRAM: COMPONENT DIAGRAM:

How effectively do the functional areas in Lex Transfleet work together Essay

Marketing and sales function Purpose of the marketing function: the marketing function makes sure that they are getting the right product to the right people at the right price. Crucial to the success of Lex Transfleet or any business. One of the objectives of Lex Transfleet is to To carry out research to improve its products and services. Lex Transfleet should make sure of the following: Product – finding out and producing what the customer’s wants, for example what van or truck rental services the customers need. Lex Transfleet will carry out research to find out what the customers want and what demand there is for that service and they will try to fulfil that so that they have more customers who are interested in their services. Price – Fixing the price at which the customers will buy the product so that when the customers are interested in the products and different services they will want to know how much money they will be giving for this product or service and it will be easier for Lex Transfleet as they will know the price for this because they have already set it. Promotion – Deciding how they are going to promote their product using advertising, publicity and special offers and when Lex Transfleet does this they will attract more customers and their company will get more famous. Place – This is where the sales function comes in, the sales function will help Lex Transfleet decide on where and how they are going to sell the product; whether it is locally, nationally, over the phone or the internet. I think they work quiet affectively together because they share an improvement which means they get each others opinions on how to change things to make them better. Sales is the last part of the marketing strategy which means to sell the product after the prices, promoting, places and products are all don’t and updated so the customers will be satisfied knowing that Lex Transfleet is giving them a good secure and safe product it is important that these things are accurate because they are the main reason the business is up and running without them there is no business. Products and the Customers Lex Transfleet will need to get to know their customer and what the customer wants for example a customer will want to hire out a truck but for that Lex Transfleet will need to know what kind of a truck or van that is an check if they do them type of trucks. A customer – a customer is a person who buys a product for e.g. someone comes to Lex Transfleet and hires out a truck the person who hires it is the customer. A consumer – Is the person that uses the product for example if a truck is hired out for someone else to drive it he/she is then known as the consumer. Consumer types: The market is made up of different types of consumers as it has different segments trying to sell the product to everyone will not work for example selling expensive products to poor people. Consumers can be classified by: Age Gender Wealth and income Geographical area Lifestyle (fashion and taste) Lex Transfleet carries out a research into people, businesses and the governments to find out what type of vans, trucks and services they require. They link this with the finance function to get finance to carry out the research and advertising. They also link this with the Human resources to get the employees as they recruit and select people and researchers to carry out the research and get HR to train them for example induction training. The wages are paid by the finance function to pay for researchers and this means it is then auditable because it is recorded and so all the functional areas can work together to meet the aims and objectives effectively. Market research involves field (primary) and desk (secondary) research: Primary research – this involves communicating directly with the consumer to find out what they exactly it is that they need. Lex Transfleet carry out questionnaires and they invite customers to their business to interview them and this is what helps them with their research to meet there customers needs better. Lex Transfleet can also give loyalty cards which records every item bought by the customer. Secondary Research: Involves publish material for example reference books, statistics and marketing reports by specialist companies. This allows the marketing and sales department to find out information about consumers income and expenditure. Government publications also have information about spending, population changes, household information and family income. Pricing The price of the truck rental service needs to be fixed in Lex Transfleet and the reason for this is because Lex Transfleet wants to: Make profit – Lex Transfleet wants to cover the cost of it trucks so it does not make a loss in the business. Beating competition – Lex Transfleet will want other businesses to rent the trucks from them instead of competitors by keeping prices low and maximising sales which will attract more customers to come and buy trucks and other services from them. Providing a quality product or service – Lex Transfleet will need to make sure it is not undercharging for its services and products because customer will pay high prices for better products so this also means they will not have any loss in the profit. Lex Transfleet has also changed its name to RAC plc as it is branded and it will attract more customers. Promoting the product The Promotion Process involves the following which Lex Transfleet does: Advertising – informing the public or other businesses about Lex Transfleets products and services, e.g. they use the internet, newspapers. Branding – Lex Transfleet makes sure they create an image of the product or service in an attractive way Lex Transfleet has changed it name recently to ‘RAC’. Having a logo to and image to persuade customers to use them. Packaging – Lex Transfleet presents the product in an attractive way so the trucks have M.O.T and are safe and practical to use. Publicity – in the media which mean special promotions and sponsor which Lex Transfleet have on their website. Lex Transfleet have had good publicity in the news paper and press so get positive image. Give special offers to big companies who rent lots of trucks and for longer. They do have a website which they are on http://www.lvl.co.uk/vans/van_info/lex_transfleet.php giving promotion to subscribe to a van and light truck magazine. Place Involves selling the product for example selling the vans and truck rental services all over the U.K and they have a website which can attract customers. Lex Transfleet sell truck rental services directly to the customer which is safe. Lex Transfleet will give customers a quote through their internet using online bookings or emailing them and over the phone. Lex Transfleet uses telesales for selling to the customer over the phone so they will need call centre staff. Direct mail which Lex Transfleet uses to send their brochures out the businesses. E-commerce Lex Transfleet sell their services over the internet through their website you have to email them first to get a quote Lex Transfleet uses ICT in the marketing and sales function for: advertising and website, keeping customer’s profiles on the system, online marketing and also finding out research on their competitors by looking at the internet and other websites. Human Resources Function Purpose of the human resources function: Deals with hiring, firing and well being of the staff and all other functions for example sales and marketing, administration and finance ect. So it can run effectively. In Lex Transfleet they will need to deal with: Recruitment of staff which means that Lex Transfleet will need to be advertising vacancies liaise with finance for costs and payment, how many people to recruit. Disciplining and dismissing staff in other functions to run smoothly and to reduce costs. Training and development and promoting of staff which will liaise with finance for cost of training and other functional areas to check who needs training for example in Lex Transfleet induction and health and safety or other courses are taken place for this and if someone is in the sales and marketing function they will need training to do the job properly. Maintaining good working conditions of the staff and Health and safety in Lex Transfleet. Looking after employee and the business relationship and liaising with other functional areas like sales and marketing to find out how well the staff in Lex Transfleet are doing and rewarding staff by giving pay rises and liaise with finance about budget to give pay rises. Dealing with employee organisation for example the trade unions. The employees and the business have rights and responsibilities and Human Resources have to deal with this and make sure staff is aware of this in Lex Transfleet. Interest of employees protected by the trade union and by staff associations and also the rights of the employees protected by the employment laws liaise functional areas to make sure there is a safe working environment in Lex Transfleet. Everything is recorded so the employee will know if they have made any mistakes and need to improve or they have met their needs. Operations and management function Purpose of the management function: This function transforms the business resources into products and services for example operations which is the production of a goods or service. Land machinery – Lex Transfleet needs to find land, offices, call centres, machinery or equipment required and need to get information from other functions to get the right amount. Machinery equipment – Lex Transfleet has software, computers, photocopiers which the business needs. People who work there and for the business – call centre staff, mangers, supervisors, operator’s consultants, accountants, specialists, solicitors. Materials and stock used by the business – trucks that are brought, truck parts, stationary, computers, software. Factors of production Land – the offices , buildings Labour- the people who work there Capital –the money invested into the business Enterprise –the input of the entrepreneur The resources used by Lex Transfleet will have to be paid for. This results on costs for the business for example wages, rent, rates, materials, stock, electricity, phone bills all of these have to be dealt with the finance department. When operations in Lex Transfleet are trying to produce a product or service it will have to look at its costs to manufacture that item or service and it will have to make sure that the sales department will cover the day to day costs and the greater the added value the greater the possible profit. So the more money they get from sales and they take away that from the running cost they get profit. Efficiency and productivity Efficiency means – making the most for the resources for example good productivity by the staff and also the number of sales made by staff in Lex Transfleet or the number of calls taken by the employee. Some employees paid a bonus for selling more services and also to motivate them to make more sales for Lex Transfleet. Quality assurance – quality assurance is very important as it means more returns to the businesses. Quality control of a service or product is very important for feedback to the marketing department. Operation check with sales as they monitor the calls and make sure the quality of service is very good. Sales liaise with Human Resources to give training to customers in Lex Transfleet. Operations liaise with Human resources to give training operation staff. Operations also monitor number of complaint and reasons for complaint to minimise this and improve services better by liaising with sales team to find out what their customer views are as they are in the front line and dealing with customers on a regular basis. Operations liaise with marketing to get information about customer demand, competitor information and lots more. Operations also check with sales function to check which items/services are selling more to make decision about producing more or less of these goods or services and then contacting the marketing function to either advertise more or less. Operations will liaise with finance to buy more or less to expand and liaise with Hr to get more staff. Finance Function Purpose of the finance function: To control inflow and outflow of money in the business and is also closely involved in the production of goods or services and links in with other functions of the business and senior management. Finance department Other functional areas Sales of products have to be recorded Sales Cost relating to the production have to be recorded Money has to be raised for producing the services and products (sales staff, trucks, offices) Operations/production Bills have to be paid Administration Wages have to paid Human resources Accounts have to be kept to calculate profit and loss All departments above Financial planning reports have to prepared Senior management In Lex Transfleet the finance department looks like this the table below shows this as the finance director. Finance director Financial accounting Costing and budgeting Managing finance Payroll Recording transactions Keeping accounts Preparing reports for the senior management Working out the cost of the product and services. Interpreting past costs and income Setting targets for cost and income Working out what resources are needed Raising capital and loan to finance the resources Rescoring hours worked by employees Calculating pay and deducting tax Financial accounting All transactions have to be recorded. Sales of the products and services from the sales department so they are auditable as they are recorded. Purchases made for stock or material from the operations department again so it’s recorded. Each type of expense for example electricity, bill rent, and wages are from the administration department. Wages is the information collected from the Human resources function so employees are paid on time and correct. Debtors are people who owe the business money for example the customers who have brought a product and still haven’t given the money for it. Creditors are people whom the business owes money for example if Lex Transfleet has brought something from somewhere e.g. a truck then they owe the money to the suppliers if they haven’t yet paid for it. Accounting ICT used to records all the transaction and special accounting software used to records wages. Financial statement is produced for management and this shows profit and loss and also, helps management monitor the main aims and objectives of the business the information on financial statements are on computer databases and so computers prepare the accounts automatically Finance produce 2 main accounts: Profit and loss shows sales figures form the sales functions, expenses from all functions and then can calculate the profit. The balance sheet shows how much the business owns and owes. Costing and budgeting this is how the function works together: Operations tell the finance of the cost of raw material purchased, for example trucks, tyres, equipment purchased by Lex Transfleet. The cost of paying the wages for the employees working for Lex Transfleet which the human resources function will let them know about. Other expenses such as: Bills which are the costs from administrations function. Electricity, water, rates, stationary are also in the administrations function. Advertising , promoting the business – sales and marketing function and they communicate with administration function so the suppliers are paid on time. The Finance function has to liaise with other functional areas to calculate the costs for making the product and service to ensure that there is a sufficient finance to cover the costs and also the business is making the most of efficient use of its resources. Budgeting Finance has to set budgets there are two kinds of budgets, a sales budget I used to forecast the income of the business from sales, and a production budget which is used to plan for the cost for producing the service for example cost for buying trucks and hiring people. Both Budgets will monitor the actual figures with forecasted and if the figures do not match for examples sales figures then they will liaise sales function to change their forecast or with marketing to advertise and promote the services better. Raising finance are the Long term finance needs which are used for investing in premises, trucks, machinery, computers and lots more, and theirs short term needs which is like buying stock for example trucks, paying bills, and paying wages. Finance has to raise money for the other functions such as marketing, sales, operation and administration to finance their expenditure so that the activities can takes place to meet Lex Transfleets aims and objectives. Payroll Works out pay and deduction of tax and national insurance of its employees and it gets it information from the Human Resources function and it is done by computers in Lex Transfleet as it is a large Plc and also uses computer payroll programmes as they are faster and very accurate., so the employees are happy as they will be being paid properly and accurately. Administration Function Purpose of the administration function: Administration is making sure that the right resources are in the right place at the right time. The administration function makes the business run smoothly and makes sure that: Paper in the photocopiers Paper in the loo Premises are safe Telephone messages are passed on Administration and communication: Information and messages such as enquiries, orders, complaints from external sources. Callers with or without appointment will call in and different functions will communicate with each their for the day to day running of the business these methods include paper, documents, telephone, fact, internal email and meeting. If finance needs to meet with operation function to make decisions the administration function will arrange it for example if a customer wants a meeting with the sales team the administration function will arrange it. The marketing function is done by: Sales so that they get records of customers, finance so they get to process accounts and payroll. Opening and distributing post when it arrives to all other functions and collecting and stamping the post going out at the end if the day from all other functions. Operating and telephone switchboard which means transferring these calls to the relevant people in other functions. Dealing with callers to premises and directing them to the relevant functions. Designing and printing forms for all the different functions and also filling and database maintenance and making sure the premises are clean and secure: Cleaning can be outsourced in Lex Transfleet which means using external companies which come and carry this out so the place is clean and safe for employees and visitors.